![]() ![]() For example, two users A and B select the same fields ‘student name’ and ‘student roll number’ then user A adds a new column to the field i.e. ![]() Logical data independence is a complex parameter to succeed when compared to the physical data independence because it needs pliancy in the scheme of database. It also protects and isolates application programs from actions like combination of dual records into a single record or separating a single record into two or more records. The external level and conceptual level has mapping in between them and it takes all the made alterations. Logical data independence points out that the conceptual pattern can be altered by undamaging the current external patterns or schemas. The diagrammatic representation of the logical and physical data independence is as a shown below:įig 3: Types of data independence Logical Data Independence The data independency is classified as two types and they are as below: The state of being undamaged or undivided can be improved.Permit users to focus on general structure.Providing the best services to the users.Affordable prices of maintaining system.Implementation details can be hidden from the users.Alterations in data structure does not requires alterations in application programs. ![]()
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